Robert Alexander Anderson (R. Alex Anderson) (June 6, 1894 – May 30, 1995) was an American composer who wrote many popular Hawaiian songs within the “Hapa haole” genre including "Lovely Hula Hands" (1940) and "Mele Kalikimaka" (1949), the latter the best known Hawaiian Christmas song.

Anderson was born in Honolulu, Hawaii, attended Punahou School where he wrote the school's football song in his junior year and the school song in his senior year. He graduated from Cornell University in 1916, with degrees in electrical and mechanical engineering. He was a member of the Cornell University Glee Club. Despite lacking formal training as a composer, he wrote many songs as a student there, including "When Twilight Falls on Blue Cayuga". In 1927, he wrote his first hit song, "Haole Hula".  Another well-known song of his was "Punahou" (1966).

His exploits during World War I involved flying combat missions in France. After being shot down and taken as a prisoner of war by the Germans, Anderson conceived of a daring and ultimately successful escape. This experience was later made into a movie.